External Ventricular Drainage

What is an external ventricular drain needed?

An external ventricular drain (EVD) is a plastic catheter that is inserted into the anterior horn of the lateral ventricle and is connected to a sterile system. This then allows temporary drainage of the cerebrospinal fluid and monitoring of intracranial pressure.

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is fluid that is constantly made in the ventricles in the brain, which is responsible for providing cushioning and nutrients to the brain and spinal cord.

When is an external ventricular drain?

In some instances, an infection, injury or other conditions may lead to either too much production of cerebrospinal fluid, not enough CSF being absorbed or the flow of cerebrospinal fluid is blocked. The buildup of cerebrospinal fluid creates pressure within the brain. The neurosurgeon may recommend external ventricular drainage to:

  • Relieve intracranial pressure
  • Divert bloodstained cerebrospinal fluid after neurosurgery or haemorrhage
  • Divert the flow of cerebrospinal fluid
  • Monitor intracranial pressure

The amount of cerebrospinal fluid drained depends on several factors such as the height of the ventricles of the cerebrospinal.

How is an external ventricular drain inserted?

During the procedure, the neurosurgeon will shave off your hair over the affected area. The area will then be cleaned with an antiseptic solution. He will make an incision on your scalp to gain access to the skull. The neurosurgeon will use a surgical drill to make a small hole on your skull, which a sterile catheter will be passed through.

The catheter will be guided through the opening to the affected ventricle. The catheter will then be attached to a collection bag hanging on a pole. The neurosurgeon will set the pressure levels to help keep the cerebrospinal fluid correct. The catheter will be stitched under the skin. An intravenous (IV) line will be inserted in the hand or arm where medicine and fluids will be administered. The external ventricular drain will be removed when the condition is improving.

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